我们的网站为什么显示成这样？

可能因为您的浏览器不支持样式，您可以更新您的浏览器到最新版本，以获取对此功能的支持，访问下面的网站，获取关于浏览器的信息：

|本期目录/Table of Contents|

 两种实验范式下三段论推理格效应对比(PDF)

《心理学探新》[ISSN:1003-5184/CN:36-1228/B]

期数:
 2024年01期
页码:
 18-24
栏目:
 认知心理学
出版日期:
 2024-02-20

文章信息/Info

Title:
 Comparison of the Figural Effect of Syllogistic Reasoning between Two Experimental Paradigms
文章编号:
1003-5184(2024)01-0018-07
作者:
 姜海霞1; 杜国平2
 (1.曲阜师范大学马克思主义学院,济宁 273165; 2.中国社会科学院哲学研究所,北京 100732)
Author(s):
 Jiang Haixia1; Du Guoping2
 (1.School of Maxism,Qufu Normal University,Jining 273165; 2.Institute of Philosophy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732)
关键词:
 三段论推理;  格效应;  推理难度;  结论评价范式;  结论生成范式
Keywords:
 syllogistic reasoning;  figural effects;  the difficulty of reasoning;  conclusion evaluation paradigm;  conclusion production paradigm
分类号:
 B842.5
DOI:
 -
文献标识码:
 A
摘要:
 三段论推理的格效应是指三段论的中项位置会影响三段论推理的难度以及结论端项的顺序。为对比结论生成范式和结论评价范式下三段论推理的格效应差异,并探究其他形式因素对推理难度的影响,采用48个三段论形式对275名中学生进行了实验。结果表明,在两种实验范式下,四个格的难度差异主效应均显著。结论生成范式比结论评价范式格的难度差异更显著。格效应并不能充分解释不同三段论的推理难度差异。在同一格内以及不同格之间不同三段论的推理难度受前提性质和顺序以及弱式和标准式的差异影响。研究给出了一个解释三段论推理难度差异的新分析框架,有助于推动解决三段论推理复杂性这一问题。
Abstract:
 The figural effect of syllogistic reasoning refers to the effect that the position of the middle term in syllogisms influences the direction of end terms in the conclusion and the difficulty of the syllogism.To understand the difference of the figural effect of syllogistic reasoning tasks between the conclusion production paradigm and the conclusion evaluation paradigm and other factors influencing the difficulty of reasoning,an experiment was conducted on 275 middle school students using 48 syllogisms.The results showed that under both experimental paradigms,the main effect of difficulty differences in the four figures was significant.The difference in difficulty of the conclusion production paradigm is more significant than the conclusion evaluation paradigm.The figural effect cannot fully explain the differences in reasoning difficulty among different syllogisms.The difficulty of reasoning different syllogisms within the same figure and between different figures is influenced by the properties and order of premises,as well as the differences between weak and standard forms.The study provides a new analytical framework to explain the differences in the difficulty of syllogistic reasoning,which helps to promote the resolution of the complexity of syllogistic reasoning.

参考文献/References

 Dickstein,L.S.(1978).The effect of figure on syllogistic reasoning.Memory & Cognition,6,76-83.
Erickson,J.R.(1974).A set analysis theory of behavior in formal syllogistic reasoning tasks.In R.L.Solso(Ed.),Theories in cognitive psychology:The Loyola Symposium(pp.78-90).John Wiley & Sons.
Espino,O.,Santamaria,C.,& Garcia-Madruga,J.A.(2000).Figure and difficulty in syllogistic reasoning.Current Psychology of Cognition,19,417-428.
Espino,O.,Santamaria,C.,Meseguer,E.,& Carreias,M.(2005).Early and Late Processes in Syllogistic Reasoning:Evidence for Eye-movements.Cognition,98,B1-B9.
Evans,J.St.B.T.,Handley,S.J.,& Harper,C.N.J.(2001).Necessity,possibility,and belief:A study of syllogistic reasoning.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,54A,935-958.
Frase,L.T.(1968).Associative Factors in Syllogistic Reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology,76,407-412.
Hardman,D.,& Payne,S.(1995).Problem difficulty and response format in syllogistic reasoning.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,48A,945-975.
Jia,X.Q.,Lu,S.F.,Zhong,N.,& Yao,Y.Y.(2009).Figural effects in syllogistic reasoning with evaluation paradigm:An eye-movement study.International Conference on Brain Informatics.
Johnson-Laird,P.N.,& Steedman,M.J.(1978).The psychology of syllogisms.Cognitive Psychology,10,64-99.
Johnson-Laird,P.N.,& Bara,B.(1984).Syllogistic inference.Cognition,16,1-61.
Markovits,H.,& Nantel,G.(1989).The belief bias effect in the production and evaluation of logical conclusions.Memory and Cognition,17,11-17.
Morley,N.J.,Evans,J.St.B.T.,& Handley,S.J.(2004).Belief bias and figural bias in syllogistic reasoning.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,57A,666-692.
Politzer,G.(2004).Some precursors of current theories of syllogistic reasoning.In K.Manktelow & M.-C.Chung(Eds.),Psychology of reasoning.Theoretical and historical perspectives(pp.214-240).Hove:Psychology Press.
Politzer,G.,Christelle,B.,& Emmanuel,S.(2017).Preadolescents solve natural syllogisms proficiently.Cognitive Science,41(5),1031-1061.
Quayle,J.D.,& Ball,L.J.(2000).Working memory,metacognitive uncertainty,and belief bias in syllogistic reasoning.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,53A,1202-1223.
Roberge,J.(1971).Further examination of mediated associations in deductive reasoning.Journal of Experimental Psychology,87,127-129.
Stupple,E.J.N.,& Ball,L.J.(2005).An inspection-time analysis of figural effects and processing direction in syllogistic reasoning.Proceedings of the 27th annual meeting of the cognitive science society.Sheridan Printing,Alpha,New Jersey,27,2092-2097.
Stupple,E.J.N.,& Ball,L.J.(2007).Figural Effects in a Syllogistic Evaluation Paradigm.Experimental Psychology,54(2),120-127.
Wason,P.C.,& Johnson-Laird,P.N.(1972).Psychology of reasoning:Structure and content.Cambridge:Harvard University Press.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
 基金项目:国家高水平研究生公派留学基金项目(201804920060)。
通讯作者:姜海霞,E-mail:hjiang253@126.com。
更新日期/Last Update:  2024-02-20