我们的网站为什么显示成这样？

可能因为您的浏览器不支持样式，您可以更新您的浏览器到最新版本，以获取对此功能的支持，访问下面的网站，获取关于浏览器的信息：

|本期目录/Table of Contents|

 关系类别及其学习机制(PDF)

《心理学探新》[ISSN:1003-5184/CN:36-1228/B]

期数:
 2011年31卷02期
页码:
 137-142
栏目:
 认知心理学
出版日期:
 2011-03-01

文章信息/Info

Title:
 Relational Category and Learning Mechanism
作者:
 张恒超;阴国恩
 天津师范大学 心理与行为研究院，天津 300074
Author(s):
 Zhang Hengchao;Yin Guoen
 Academy of Psychology and Behavior in Tianjin Normal University，Tianjin 300074
关键词:
 关系类别; 相似性; 结构校准; 结构映射
Keywords:
 relational category; similarity; structural alignment; structural mapping
分类号:
 B842.5
DOI:
 -
文献标识码:
 A
摘要:
 关系类别是指类别的成员身份由一个共同的关系结构决定。其意义来自于其与其他实体的关系或其内部的一系列成分间的关系，关系类别强调关系结构的系统性。文章重点介绍和评述了相似性种类，关系类别和实体类别的联系和差异，关系类别的学习过程及机制——结构—映射理论。未来的研究方向主要是探索新的研究范式，以深入理解关系类别的学习；深入探讨校准和映射过程与其他基本认知过程的相互作用，为关系类别的学习提供更一致的认知观点。
Abstract:
 Relational category is defined that category membership is decided by a common structure of relations，and its significance is the relationship with other entities or the relationship of a series of internal components.Relational category emphasizes the systematicity of relational structure.The current review focuses on the types of similarity，the relation and difference between entity category and relational category，the learning process of relational category as well as the learning mechanism-structure-mapping theory.The direction of future research is to explore the new research paradigm of categorization，deeply understand the learning of relational category，explore how the process of alignment and mapping interacts with other basic cognitive processes，and provide a more consistent view of cognition about the learning of relational category.

参考文献/References

 1Todd P，Gigerenzer G.Environments that make us smart：Ecological rationality.Current Directions in Psychological Science，2007，16(3)：167-171. 2Gentner D.Structure-mapping：A theoretical framework for analogy.Cognitive Science，1983，7：155-170. 3Gentner D.The mechanisms of analogical learning.In：Vosniadou S，Ortony A.Eds.Similarity and analogical reasoning.London：Cambridge University Press，1989：199-241. 4Gentner D.The development of relational category knowledge.In：Gershkoff-Stowe L，Rakison D H.Eds.Building object categories in developmental time.Hillsdale，NJ：Erlbaum，2005：245-275. 5Richland L E，Morrison R G，Holyoak K J.Children’s development of analogical reasoning：Insights from scene analogy problems.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology，2006，94：249-273. 6Megan J，Bulloch，Opfer J.What makes relational reasoning smart? Revisiting the perceptual-to-relational shift in the development of generalization.Developmental Science，2009，12：114-122. 7Feldman J.Minimization of Boolean complexity in human concept learning.Nature，2000，407(6804)：630-633. 8Feldman J.A catalog of Boolean concepts.Journal of Mathematical Psychology，2003，47(1)：75-89. 9Feldman J.The simplicity principle in human concept learning.Current Directions in Psychological Science，2003，12(6)：227-232. 10Feldman J.An algebra of human concept learning.Journal of Mathematical Psychology，2006，50(4)：339-368. 11Caselli M C，Bates E，Casadio P，et al..A cross-linguistic study of early lexical development.Cognitive Development，1995，10：159-199. 12Gentner D.Some interesting differences between nouns and verbs.Cognition and Brain Theory，1981，4：161-178. 13Gentner D，Boroditsky L.Individuation，relativity and early word learning.In：Bowerman M，Levinson S.Eds.Language acquisition and conceptual development.Cambridge，England：Cambridge University Press，2001：215-256. 14Gentner D，France I M.The verb mutability effect：Studies of the combinatorial semantics of nouns and verbs.In：Small S L，Cottrell G W，Tanenhaus M K.Eds.Lexical ambiguity resolution：Perspectives from psycholinguistics，neuropsychology，and artificial intelligence.San Mateo，CA：Kaufmann，1988：343-382. 15Goldstone R L，Steyvers M，Rogosky B J.Conceptual interrelatedness and caricatures.Memory and Cognition，2003，31：169-180. 16Kloos H，Sloutsky V.Are natural kinds psychologically distinct from nominal kinds? Evidence from learning and development.Proceedings of the meeting of the cognitive science society.Chicago，2004. 17Dixon J A，Bangert A S.On the spontaneous discovery of a mathematical relation during problem solving.Cognitive Science，2004，28：433-449. 18Kurtz K J，Boukrina O.Learning relational categories by comparison of paired examples.In：Gleitman L R，Joshi A K.Eds.Proceedings of the twenty-second annual conference of the cognitive science society.Mahwah，NJ：Erlbaum，2004. 19Forbus K.Exploring analogy in the large.In：Gentner D，Holyoak K J，Kokinov B.Eds.The analogical mind：Perspectives from cognitive science.Cambridge，MA：MIT Press，2001：23-58. 20Gentner D.Why we’re so smart.In：Gentner D，Goldin-Meadow S.Eds.Language in mind：Advances in the study of language and cognition.Cambridge，MA：MIT Press，2003：195-236. 21Gentner D，Loewenstein J，Thompson L.Learning and transfer：A general role for analogical encoding.Journal of Educational Psychology，2003，95(2)：393-408. 22Gentner D，Namy L.Comparison in the development of categories.Cognitive Development，1999，14：487-513. 23Loewenstein J，Gentner D.Spatial mapping in preschoolers：Close comparisons facilitate far mappings.Journal of Cognition and Development，2001，2(2)：189-219. 24Clark A.Language，embodiment，and the cognitive niche.Trends in Cognitive Sciences，2006，10(8)：370-374. 25Lupyan G，Rakison D H，McClelland J L.Language is not just for talking：Redundant labels facilitate learning of novel categories.Psychological Science，2007，18(12)：1077-1083. 26Gentner D，Loewenstein J.Relational language and relational thought.In：Byrnes J，Amsel E.Eds.Language，literacy，and cognitive development.Mahwah，NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates，2002：87-120. 27Fisher A V，Sloutsky V M.When induction meets memory：Evidence for gradual transition from similarity-based to category-based induction.Child Development，2005，76：583-597. 28Namy L L，Gentner D.Making a silk purse out of two sow’s ears：Young children’s use of comparison in category learning.Journal of Experimental Psychology：General，2002，131：5-15. 29Kurtz K J，Miao C，Gentner D.Learning by analogical bootstrapping.Journal of the Learning Sciences，2001，10(4)：417-446. 30Waxman S R，Klibanoff R S.The role of comparison in the extension of novel adjectives.Developmental Psychology，2000，36：571-581. 31Gentner D，Toupin C.Systematicity and surface similarity in the development of analogy.Cognitive Science，1986，10：277-300. 32Falkenhainer B，Forbus K D，Gentner D.The structure-mapping engine.Proceedings of the American association for artificial intelligence.Philadelphia，1986：272-277.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
 基金项目：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目（06JJDXLX003）。
更新日期/Last Update:  2011-10-31