我们的网站为什么显示成这样？

可能因为您的浏览器不支持样式，您可以更新您的浏览器到最新版本，以获取对此功能的支持，访问下面的网站，获取关于浏览器的信息：

|本期目录/Table of Contents|

 向死存在对智慧的影响:观点、机制及评价(PDF)

《心理学探新》[ISSN:1003-5184/CN:36-1228/B]

期数:
 2020年01期
页码:
 58-63
栏目:
 智慧心理学与测量
出版日期:
 2020-02-28

文章信息/Info

Title:
 Impacts of“Being towards Death” on Wisdom: Opinions,Mechanisms and Evaluation
文章编号:
1003-5184(2020)01-0058-06
作者:
 李 抗1; 2; 汪凤炎1; 2; 王振东1; 史 娟1; 魏新东1; 熊咪咪1
 (1.南京师范大学心理学院,南京 210097; 2.南京师范大学道德教育研究所,南京 210097)
Author(s):
 Li Kang1; 2; Wang Fengyan1; 2; Wang Zhendong1; Shi Juan1; Wei Xindong1; Xiong Mimi1
 (1.School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097; 2.Institute of Moral Education Research,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097)
关键词:
 向死存在;  死亡提醒;  死亡反省;  恐惧管理理论;  智慧
Keywords:
 being towards death;  mortality salience;  death reflection;  terror management theory;  wisdom
分类号:
 B848
DOI:
 -
文献标识码:
 A
摘要:
 向死存在对智慧产生了怎样的影响?三种观点及相关证据回答了这个问题,并提供了解释机制:(1)向死存在助推智慧,使人谦卑、超越、利他、公平和宽容等,其主要解释机制是创伤后成长理论;(2)向死存在阻碍智慧,引起心理不健康、自我服务偏见、内群体偏见、贪婪、物质主义等,其主要解释机制是恐惧管理理论;(3)向死存在是否助推智慧受到如自尊、权力感、自我构念、政治信念、宗教信仰等多种因素的调节。文末评价了过去研究中存在的问题,即概念界定问题、向死存在的心理阶段性问题和文化世界观的内涵问题,并提出了化解之道。
Abstract:
 How does “being towards death” influence wisdom?There are three main perspectives with respective evidences and mechanisms to answer this question.(1)Being towards death makes people humble,transcend,altruistic,fair and tolerant,etc.The mechanism behind it is the post-traumatic growth theory;(2)Being towards death makes people mentally unhealthy,being self-serving Prejudice,being internal group bias,greed,materialism.The mechanism behind it is terror management theory;(3)Being towards death to promote wisdom is moderated by some factors,for instance,self-respect,sense of power,self-construal,political belief,religious belief.At the end of the paper,three problems are found in the past research:the definition of concepts,the psychological phase of “being towards death” and the connotation of the cultural worldview.Thus,we propose some methods to resolve them.

参考文献/References

 蔡祥元.(2018).儒家“生生之论”中的“向死而在”——兼与孙向晨的一个对话.哲学研究,(9),105-113.
海德格尔.(2014).存在与时间(修订译本)(陈嘉映,王庆节 译).北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店.
黎群武.(2018).中国的传统死亡智慧及其当代困境.理论月刊,443(11),54-58.
柳武妹,王海忠,何浏.(2014).人之将尽,消费国货?死亡信息的暴露增加国货选择的现象、中介和边界条件解析.心理学报,46(11),1748-1759.
唐君毅.(2016).唐君毅全集第26卷.生命存在与心灵境界(下).北京:九州出版社.
汪凤炎,郑红.(2014).智慧心理学的理论探索与应用研究.上海:上海教育出版社.
汪凤炎,郑红.(2015).品德与才智一体:智慧的本质与范畴.南京社会科学,(3),127-133.
王予灵,李静,郭永玉.(2016).向死而生,以财解忧?存在不安全感对物质主义的影响.心理科学,(4),921-926.
韦庆旺,周雪梅,俞国良.(2015).死亡心理:外部防御还是内在成长?心理科学进展,23(2),338-348.
殷融.(2010).不确定感管理模型视角下的死亡凸显效应:争论与整合.心理科学进展,18(11),1747-1755.
Belmi,P.,& Pfeffer,J.(2016).Power and death:Mortality salience increases power seeking while feeling powerful reduces death anxiety.Journal of Applied Psychology,101(5),702-720.
Beyrak-Lev,J.,Gerber,Z.,Ein-Dor,T.,& Hirschberger,G.(2017).Mortality salience reduces tactile attention among people with low body esteem.Death Studies,1-6.
Bos,K.V.D.,Buurman,J.,De Theije,V.,Doosje,B.,Loseman,A.,Van Laarhoven,D.,& Veldman,J.(2012).On shielding from death as an important yet malleable motive of worldview defence:Christian versus Muslim beliefs modulating the self-threat of mortality salience.Social Cognition,30,778-802.
Cozzolino,P.J.,Staples,A.D.,Meyers,L.S.,& Samboceti,J.(2004).Greed,death,and values:From terror management to transcendence management theory.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,30(3),278-292.
Das,E.,Bushman,B.J.,Bezemer,M.D.,Kerkhof,P.,& Vermeulen,I.E.(2009).How terrorism news reports increase prejudice against outgroups:A terror management account.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,45(3),453-459.
Dong,M.,Prooijen,J.W.V.,Wu,S.,Zhang,Y.,& Jin,S.(2019).Prosocial attitudes toward money from terror management perspective:Death transcendence through spirituality.International Journal for the Psychology of Religion,1-17.
Du,H.,Jonas,E.,Klackl,J.,Agroskin,D.,Hui,E.K.P.,& Ma,L.(2013).Cultural influences on terror management:Independent and interdependent self-esteem as anxiety buffers.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,49(6),1002-1011.
Greenberg,J.,Pyszczynski,T.,Solomon,S.,Pinel,E.,Simon,L.,& Jordan,K.(1993).Effects of self-esteem on vulnerability-denying defensive distortions:Further evidence of an anxiety-buffering function of self-esteem.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,29(3),229-251.
Greenberg,J.,Simon,L.,Pyszczynski,T.,Solomon,S.,& Chatel,D.(1992).Terror management and tolerance:Does mortality salience always intensify negative reactions to others who threaten one's worldview?Journal of Personality & Social Psychology,63(2),212-220.
Greenberg,J.,Solomon,S.,Pyszczynski,T.,Rosenblatt,A.,Burling,J.,Lyon,D.,et al.(1992).Why do people need self-esteem?converging evidence that self-esteem serves an anxiety-buffering function.Journal of Personality & Social Psychology,63(6),913-922.
Grossmann,I.(2017).Wisdom in context.Perspectives on Psychological Science,12(2),233-257. Hall,G.S.(1922).Senescence:The last half of life.New York:Appleton.
Jonas,E.,Schimel,J.,Greenberg,J.,& Pyszczynski,T.(2002).The scrooge effect:Evidence that mortality salience increases prosocial attitudes and behavior.Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin,28(10),1342-1353.
Juhl,J.,& Routledge,C.(2016).Putting the terror in terror management theory:Evidence that the awareness of death does cause anxiety and undermine psychological well-being.Current Directions in Psychological Science,25(2),99-103.
Kasser,T.,& Sheldon,K.M.(2000).Of wealth and death:Materialism,mortality salience,and consumption behavior.Psychological Science,11(4),348-351.
Kinnier,R.T.,Tribbensee,N.E.,Rose,C.A.,& Vaughan,S.M.(2001).In the final analysis:More wisdom from people who have faced death.Journal of Counseling & Development,79(2),171-177.
Kübler-Ross,E.(1997).On death and dying.New York:Scribner Classics. Moon,P.J.(2011).Bereaved elders:Transformative learning in late life.Adult Education Quarterly A Journal of Research & Theory,61(1),22-39.
Nordmo,M.,& Norman,E.(2016).Perceived mortality and perceived morality:Perceptions of value-orientation are more likely when a decision is preceded by a mortality reminder.Frontiers in Psychology,7,1-15.
Pyszczynski,T.,Solomon,S.,& Greenberg,J.(2015).Thirty years of terror management theory.Advances in Experimental Social Psychology,52,1-70.
Webster,J.D.,& Deng,X.C.(2015).Paths from trauma to intrapersonal strength:Worldview,posttraumatic growth,and wisdom.Journal of Loss & Trauma,20(3),253-266.
Wong,P.T.,Reker,G.T.,& Gesser,G.(1994).Death Attitude Profile-Revised:A multidimensional measure of attitudes toward death.In R.A.Neimeyer(Ed.),Death anxiety handbook(pp.121-148).Washington,DC:Taylor & Francis.
Wright,S.T.,Breier,J.M.,Depner,R.M.,Grant,P.C.,& Lodi-Smith,J.(2017).Wisdom at the end of life:Hospice patients' reflections on the meaning of life and death.Counselling Psychology Quarterly,1-24.
Yen,C.,& Cheng,C.(2010).Terror management among Taiwanese:Worldview defence or resigning to fate?Asian Journal of Social Psychology,13(3),185-194.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31971014)。 通讯作者:汪凤炎,E-mail:fywangjx8069@163.com。
更新日期/Last Update:  2020-02-28